Lesson 389 Prepositions: Part 1

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A preposition is a word such as, with, by, on, in, at, to, or about.
Prepositions are a class of words used to express the relationship between the elements of a sentence or clause.

E.g. 'On' in 'I can see the writingonthe wall'
E.g. 'With' in 'She is angrywithhim'.

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E.g.
i) ‘In’ : There is a cowinthe yard.
ii) ‘Of’ : She is fondofice–creams.
iii) ‘Up’ : The fireman rushedupthe stairs.

一个)In sentence 1, the Preposition joins a Noun to another Noun.
b)In sentence 2, the Preposition joins a Noun to another Adjective.
c)In sentence 3, the Preposition joins a Noun to a Verb.
A preposition connects a verb, noun, or adjective to a noun or pronoun and is typically, but not always, found before the noun or pronoun in a sentence or clause.

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The noun or pronoun that follows the preposition forms a ‘prepositional object’ (or complement). We should therefore use object pronouns (for instance: me, her, him, us) rather than subject pronouns (I, she, he, we).

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Position of Prepositions
A preposition is usually placed before its object but sometimes can also be placed after it. Here are some cases:

一个) When the object is the Relative Pronoun ‘that’ / ‘whom’ – these are understood.
E.g.
i) Here is the book (that) you requestedfor
E.g.
ii) This is the girl (whom) I have been dreaming一个bout
Note: When the object is the Relative Pronoun 'that', the preposition is always placed at the end. E.g. Here is the watch that you asked for.

b) When the object is an Interrogative Pronoun such as ‘who’/ ‘what’ / ‘which’ etc.
E.g.
i) What are you lookingfor?
E.g.
ii) What are you thinkingof?
E.g.
iii) Which of the switches did you switchon?

c) Sometimes the object is placed first for the sake of emphasis
E.g.
i) She is widely recognized the worldover
E.g.
ii) This is what you must lookinto.

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Point out the object(s) of the preposition in:'The river flows through the hills and plains. 'Escuche el audio y seleccione la opción correcta

hills and plains

hills

Point out the preposition in:'The river flows through the hills and plains.'Escuche el audio y seleccione la opción correcta

through

一个nd

Arrange the jumbled words to form a sentence:

Coloque las siguientes palabras en el orden correcto

• for
• what
• 一个re
• you
• looking

Arrange the jumbled words to form a sentence:

Coloque las siguientes palabras en el orden correcto

• the boy
• I
• was
• that is
• speaking
• of

Arrange the jumbled words to form a sentence:

Coloque las siguientes palabras en el orden correcto

• 一个re
• you
• looking
• 一个t
• What

Pick the correct option:

They live ______

under

inside

Pick the correct option:

I have not seen him ______

since

till

Pick the correct option:

I have known him ______

for

from

Pick the correct option:

She has been very kind ______

to

for

Pick the correct option:

I am sorry ______

for

from

Pick the correct option:

The exercise was written ______

一个bout

over

Pick the correct option:

Do not cry ______

over

一个bout

Pick the correct option:

Citizens are cautioned ______

一个gainst

for

Pick the correct option:

They drove ______

from Delhi to Jaipur.

for Delhi to Jaipur.

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The prepositions for, from, in, on are often omitted before nouns of place or time.
E.g.:
1) We did it last week. (Not: We did it on last week)
2) Wait a minute. (Not: Wait for a minute)

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'Several words can be used as both adverbs and prepositions.'^~^'typefacestyle'

Adverb	Preposition
Go and run about.	Dont loiter about the street.
I could not come before.	I came the day before yesterday.
The wheel came off.	The driver jumped off the car.
Let us move on.	The book lies on the table.
His father arrived soon after.	After a month he returned.
Take this parcel over to the post office.	He rules over a vast empire
I have not seen him since	I have not slept since yesterday.

什么是“通过”以下句子:'She sat by the fire and told me the tale.'Escuche el audio y seleccione la opción correcta

Preposition

Adverb

'Rain, rain, go to Spain and never come back again.'Name the preposition in the sentence and the word it governs.Escuche el audio y seleccione la opción correcta

To->Spain

Never->again

'By the Seven Gods he swore.'Name the preposition in the sentence and the word it governs.Escuche el audio y seleccione la opción correcta

by->Gods

by->the seven

'Around my porch shall spring fragrant flowers.'What is 'around' in the given sentence?Escuche el audio y seleccione la opción correcta

Preposition

Adverb

'Come down'What is 'down' in the given sentence.Escuche el audio y seleccione la opción correcta

Down is an adverb

Down is a preposition

'We sailed down the river.'What is 'down' in the given sentence.Escuche el audio y seleccione la opción correcta

Down is a preposition

Down is an adverb

'The carriage moved on.'What is 'on' in the given sentenceEscuche el audio y seleccione la opción correcta

On is an adverb

On is a preposition

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Relations Expressed by Prepositions:
一个)Place:
i) Went一个boutthe world
ii) ran一个crossthe road
iii) leaned一个gainstthe wall
iv) fell一个mongthe thieves
v) stoodbeforethe door
vi) fellintothe ditch
(七)躺underthe table
viii) liesuponthe table
ix)withinthe house

b)Time:
i)Afterhis death
ii) arrivedbeforeme
iii)intothe night.
iv)Duringthe whole day
v)From1st April.
vi)Throughoutthe year
vii) Waittilltomorrow

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The following Prepositions require special notice:
一个) We use 'in' or 'at' with names of cities, towns or villages. We use 'in' when we are talking about a place as an area; we use 'at' when we see it as a point.
E.g.
i) We stayed in Mumbai for five days.
2)我们的飞机topped at Mumbai on the way to New York. (Mumbai here is the Mumbai airport).

b) We use 'at' to talk about group activities/ shops/ workplaces.
E.g.
i) Did you see Maria at dinner?
ii) I saw him at the cleaner's.

c) We use 'in' with the names of streets and 'at' when we give the house-number.
E.g.
i) He lives at 45 Wellington Street.
ii) He lives in Wellington Street.

d) We use 'on' when we think of a place as a surface.
E.g.
i) The dog is lying on the floor.

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e) 'Till' is used for 'time' and 'to' is used for 'place'.
E.g.
i) He slept till eight o' clock.
ii) He walked to the end of the street.

f) 'Since' is used before a noun or phrase denoting some point of time and is preceded by a verb in the perfect tense.
E.g.
i)I have been eating since yesterday.

g) 'In' before a noun denoting a period of time, means 'at the end of'; 'within' means 'before the end of'.
E.g.
i) I shall return in an hour.
ii) I shall return within an hour.

h) 'Beside' means 'at (or by) the side of', while 'besides' means 'in addition to'.
E.g.
i) Beside the dog he lay.
ii) Besides being fined, he was declared a traitor.

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Prepositions with Forms of transport
一个) We use (by+noun) when we talk about means of transport. we do not use 'or a/an' before the nouns.
E.g.
i) We say by bicycle, by car/ taxi/ bus/ train/ plane, by air/ sea.

b) We do not use 'by' when the reference is to a specific bicycle, car, train, etc.
E.g.
i) Suresh went there on my bike. (not: by my bike)
ii) They came in a taxi.

Note: We use 'on' to mean a specific bus, train or plane and 'in' to mean a specific car, taxi, van or lorry.

c) We say on foot ('by foot' is not common)
E.g.
i) He goes to work on foot. (means he walks to his office.)

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Pick the correct option:

I shall do it ______

with

by

over

from

Pick the correct option:

God is good ______

for

Pick the correct option:

I have known him ______

for

since

Pick the correct option:

The child has been missing ______

since

from

Pick the correct option:

The sales report is due ______

on

Pick the correct option:

He rushed ______

into

一个t

in

Pick the correct option:

I saw him felling a big tree ______

with

by

Pick the correct option:

Nobody ______

but/except

一个ccept

unless

Pick the correct option:

We drove ______

through

thorough

from

Pick the correct option:

He hid ______

behind

underneath

back

under

Pick the correct option:

He came to America ______

in

on

一个t

since

Pick the correct option:

Mexico is ______

in

一个t

Pick the correct option:

My sister is very good ______

in

Pick the correct option:

______

In

On

At

Upon

Pick the correct option:

We are leaving ______

to

Pick the correct option:

My uncle lives ______

on

in

Pick the correct option:

I don't think you can finish the work ______

without

unless

Pick the correct option:

No one knows his address ______

except

besides

Pick the correct option:

I'll be free ______

on

in

Pick the correct option:

Some countries have called for a change ______

in

一个t

for

Pick the correct option:

A dog ran out ______

of

Pick the correct option:

Are you going ______

on

from

Pick the correct option:

The house is ______

on

in

upon

Pick the correct option:

What you said agrees ______

with

to

Pick the correct option:

I haven't seen her ______

in

since

Pick the correct option:

She is older than me ______

by

for

Previous Lesson Lesson388 Position of Adverbs 下节课 Lesson390 Conjunctions Doubts on this lesson

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